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Steps, Stairs and Slipping

Accidents caused by slipping on a floor usually occur on a forward step as the rear edge of the heel meets the floor surface. At this stage of walking the other foot remains in contact with the floor, until the heel rocks forward and the leading foot is fully planted. For slipping to be avoided, the friction between the sole-heel of the footwear and the floor surface must be sufficient to resist the maximum horizontal forces.

External stair treads should have a perforated, or a well-drained surface. Polished wood, polished stone, and smooth ceramic tile should not be used for stair treads. Mat wells should be provided to remove moisture rom people's feet. Non-slip strips parallel with the edge of Lithe tread should not be used as they are likely to be confusing to users with bad eyesight. GMW recommends that different colors and surfaces be used to differentiate tread edges in facilities used by the elderly. This guide further states that risers and treads of contrasting colors are particularly helpful to people with visual impairments. Friction must not be too great or the foot may lock on the tread surfaces. The user must be able to slide and pivot his foot slightly while ascending or descending a stair.